LAST OF THE DOGMEN(1995)

Theatrical release poster
Directed by	Tab Murphy
Produced by	Joel B. Michaels
Written by	Tab Murphy
Starring	Tom Berenger Barbara Hershey
Narrated by	Wilford Brimley
Music by	David Arnold
Cinematography	Karl Walter Lindenlaub
Edited by	Richard Halsey
Production company	Carolco Pictures
Distributed by	Savoy Pictures Pathé (International)
Release dates	September 8, 1995 (USA)
Running time	118 minutes
Country	United States
Language	English
Box office	$7,024,389[1]

Dog Soldiers

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

This article is about Cheyenne warrior society. For other uses, see Dog Soldiers (disambiguation).

A modern Dog Soldier headdress at apow wow.

The Dog Soldiers or Dog Men (Cheyenne Hotamétaneo'o) was one of sixmilitary societies of the Cheyenne Indians. Beginning in the late 1830s, this society evolved into a separate, militaristic band that played a dominant role in Cheyenne resistance to American expansion in Kansas, Nebraska, Coloradoand Wyoming, where the Cheyenne had settled in the early 19th Century.

After the deaths of nearly half the Southern Cheyenne in the cholera epidemicof 1849, many of the remaining Masikota band joined the Dog Soldiers. It effectively became a separate band, occupying territory between the Northern and Southern Cheyenne. Its members often opposed policies of peace chiefs such as Black Kettle. In 1869, most of the band were killed by United States Army forces in the Battle of Summit Springs.

In the 21st-century, there are reports of the revival of the Dog Soldiers society in such areas as the Northern Cheyenne Indian Reservation in Montana and among the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes in Oklahoma.

Indian wars[edit]

In the late 1860s, the Dog Soldiers were crucial in Cheyenne resistance to American expansion. Dog Soldiers refused to sign treaties that limited their hunting grounds and restricted them to a reservation south of the Arkansas River. They attempted to hold their traditional lands at Smoky Hill, but the campaigns of General Philip Sheridan foiled these efforts. After the Battle of Beecher's Island, many Dog Soldiers were forced to retreat south of the Arkansas River.

In the spring of 1867 they returned north with the intention of joining Red Cloud and his Oglala band in Powder River. Attacked by General Eugene Carr, the Dog Soldiers began raiding settlements on Smoky Hill River in revenge. Eventually, Chief Tall Bull led them west into Colorado. After raiding sites in Kansas, they were attacked by a force composed ofPawnee Scouts led by Major Frank North, and United States cavalry, who killed nearly all the band, including Tall Bull, in theBattle of Summit Springs in June 1869.

Films[edit]

The massacre has been portrayed in several western movies, including Tomahawk (1951); The Guns of Fort Petticoat(1957); Soldier Blue (1970); The Last Warrior (1970); Little Big Man (1970); Young Guns (1988); Last of the Dogmen(1995); and The Last Samurai (2003).

Literature[edit]

The event has also been written about in such works of literature as The Massacre at Sand Creek (1995) by Bruce Cutler; A Very Small Remnant (1963) by Michael Straight; Centennial (1974) by James Michener; From Sand Creek (1981) by Simon Ortiz; James Bradley's Flyboys: A True Story of Courage (2003); and Lauren Small's Choke Creek (2009).

Hoig, Stan (2005) [1974]. The Sand Creek Massacre. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press. p. 153. ISBN 978-0-8061-1147-6

Attack[edit]

U.S. Army Colonel John Chivington. Chivington was a Methodist preacher, freemason, and opponent of slavery.

Some of the identifications of Natives are uncertain. Front row, kneeling, left to right: Major Edward W. Wynkoop, commander at Fort Lyon and later agent for the Cheyennes and Arapahoes; Captain Silas S. Soule, provost marshal, later murdered in Denver. Middle row, seated, left to right: White Antelope (or perhaps White Wolf), Bull Bear, Black Kettle, One Eye, Natame (Arapaho). Back row, standing, left to right: Colorado militiaman, unknown civilian, John H. Smith (interpreter), Heap of Buffalo (Arapaho), Neva (Arapaho), unknown civilian, sentry. Another identification states that Neva is seated on the left and the man next to Smith is White Wolf (Cheyenne)."

Black Kettle, leading chief of around 800 mostly Southern Cheyenne, had led his band, joined by some Arapahos under Chief Niwot, to Fort Lyon in compliance with provisions of a peace parley held in Denver in September 1864.^[19] After a while, the Native Americans were requested to relocate to Big Sandy Creek, less than 40 miles northwest of Fort Lyon, with the guarantee of "perfect safety" remaining in effect.^[20]The Dog Soldiers, who had been responsible for many of the attacks and raids on whites, were not part of this encampment.

Unwilling to to surrender themselves to military authority most of the tribal warriors refused the offer of protection, leaving only about 75 men, plus all the women and children in the village. The men who remained were mostly too old or too young to hunt. Black Kettle flew an American flag, with a white flag tied beneath it,^[20] over his lodge, as the Fort Lyon commander had advised him. This was to show he was friendly and forestall any attack by the Colorado soldiers.^[21]

Meanwhile, Chivington and 425 men of the 3rd Colorado Cavalry rode to Fort Lyon arriving on November 28th 1864. Once at the Fort Chivington took command of 250 men of the 1st Colorado Cavalry and maybe as many as 12 men of the 1st Regiment New Mexico Volunteer Infantry then set out for Black Kettle's encampment. James Beckwourth, noted frontiersman, acted as guide for Chivington.^[22] The following morning, Chivington gave the order to attack. Two officers, Captain Silas Soule and Lieutenant Joseph Cramer, commanding Company D and Company K of the First Colorado Cavalry, refused to obey and told their men to hold fire.^[23]

However, the rest of Chivington's men immediately attacked the village. Ignoring the American flag and a white flag that was run up shortly after the attack began, they murdered as many of the Indians as they could.

I saw the bodies of those lying there cut all to pieces, worse mutilated than any I ever saw before; the women cut all to pieces ... With knives; scalped; their brains knocked out; children two or three months old; all ages lying there, from sucking infants up to warriors ... By whom were they mutilated? By the United States troops ...

— John S. Smith, Congressional Testimony of Mr. John S. Smith, 1865^[24]

I saw one squaw lying on the bank, whose leg had been broken. A soldier came up to her with a drawn sabre. She raised her arm to protect herself; he struck, breaking her arm. She rolled over, and raised her other arm; he struck, breaking that, and then left her with out killing her. I saw one squaw cut open, with an unborn child lying by her side.

— Robert Bent, New York Tribune, 1879^[20]

There was one little child, probably three years old, just big enough to walk through the sand. The Indians had gone ahead, and this little child was behind, following after them. The little fellow was perfectly naked, travelling in the sand. I saw one man get off his horse at a distance of about seventy-five yards and draw up his rifle and fire. He missed the child. Another man came up and said, 'let me try the son of a b-. I can hit him.' He got down off his horse, kneeled down, and fired at the little child, but he missed him. A third man came up, and made a similar remark, and fired, and the little fellow dropped.

— Major Anthony, New York Tribune, 1879^[25]

Fingers and ears were cut off the bodies for the jewelry they carried. The body of White Antelope, lying solitarily in the creek bed, was a prime target. Besides scalping him the soldiers cut off his nose, ears, and testicles-the last for a tobacco pouch ...

— Stan Hoig^[26]

Jis to think of that dog Chivington and his dirty hounds, up thar at Sand Creek. His men shot down squaws, and blew the brains out of little innocent children. You call sich soldiers Christians, do ye? And Indians savages? What der yer 'spose our Heavenly Father, who made both them and us, thinks of these things? I tell you what, I don't like a hostile red skin any more than you do. And when they are hostile, I've fought 'em, hard as any man. But I never yet drew a bead on a squaw or papoose, and I despise the man who would.

— Kit Carson^[27]

The natives, lacking artillery, could not make much resistance. Some of the natives cut horses from the camp's herd and fled up Sand Creek or to a nearby Cheyenne camp on the headwaters of the Smoky Hill River. Others, including trader George Bent, fled upstream and dug holes in the sand beneath the banks of the stream. They were pursued by the troops and fired on, but many survived.^[28] Cheyenne warrior Morning Star said that most of the Indian dead were killed by cannon fire, especially those firing from the south bank of the river at the people retreating up the creek.^[29]

In testimony before a Congressional committee investigating the massacre, Chivington claimed that as many as 500–600 Indian warriors were killed.^[30] Historian Alan Brinkley wrote that 133 Indians were killed, 105 of whom were women and children.^[31] White eye-witness John S. Smith reported that 70–80 Indians were killed, including 20–30 warriors,^[2] which agrees with Brinkley's figure as to the number of men killed. George Bent, the son of the American William Bent and a Cheyenne mother, who was in the village when the attack came and was wounded by the soldiers, gave two different accounts of the natives' loss. On March 15, 1889, he wrote to Samuel F. Tappan that 137 people were killed: 28 men and 109 women and children.^[32] However, on April 30, 1913, when he was very old, he wrote that "about 53 men" and "110 women and children" were killed and many people wounded.^[33] Bent's first figures are in close accord with those of Brinkley and agree with Smith as to the number of men who were killed.

Although initial reports indicated 10 soldiers killed and 38 wounded, the final tally was 4 killed and 21 wounded in the 1st Colorado Cavalry and 20 killed or mortally wounded and 31 other wounded in the 3rd Colorado Cavalry; adding up to 24 killed and 52 wounded.^[2] Dee Brown wrote that some of Chivington's men were drunk and that many of the soldiers' casualties were due to friendly fire^[34] but neither of these claims is supported by Gregory F. Michno^[35] or Stan Hoig^[36] in their books devoted to the massacre.

Before Chivington and his men left the area, they plundered the tipis and took the horses. After the smoke cleared, Chivington's men came back and killed many of the wounded. They also scalped many of the dead, regardless of whether they were women, children or infants. Chivington and his men dressed their weapons, hats and gear with scalps and other body parts, including human fetuses and male and female genitalia.^[37] They also publicly displayed these battle trophies inDenver's Apollo Theater and area saloons. Three Indians who remained in the village are known to have survived the massacre: George Bent's brother Charlie Bent, and two Cheyenne women who were later turned over to William Bent.^[38]

Aftermath[edit]

Mochi, a Southern Cheyenne in Black Kettle's camp, became a warrior after her experiences at the Sand Creek massacre.

The Sand Creek Massacre resulted in a heavy loss of life, mostly among Cheyenne and Arapaho women and children. Hardest hit by the massacre were the Wutapai, Black Kettle's band. Perhaps half of the Hevhaitaniu were lost, including the chiefs Yellow Wolf and Big Man. The Oivimana, led by War Bonnet, lost about half their number. There were heavy losses to the Hisiometanio (Ridge Men) under White Antelope. Chief One Eye was also killed, along with many of his band. The Suhtai clan and the Heviqxnipahis clan under chief Sand Hill experienced relatively few losses. The Dog Soldiers and the Masikota, who by that time had allied, were not present at Sand Creek.^[39] Of about ten lodges of Arapaho under Chief Left Hand, representing about fifty or sixty people, only a handful escaped with their lives.^[40]

After hiding all day above the camp, in holes dug beneath the bank of Sand Creek, the survivors there, many of whom were wounded, moved up the stream and spent the night on the prairie. Trips were made to the site of the camp but very few survivors were found there. After a cold night without shelter, the survivors set out toward the Cheyenne camp on the headwaters of the Smoky Hill River. They soon met up with other survivors who had escaped with part of the horse herd, some returning from the Smoky Hill camp where they had fled during the attack. They then proceeded to the camp, where they received assistance.^[41]

The massacre disrupted the traditional Cheyenne power structure, because of the deaths of eight members of the Council of Forty-Four. White Antelope, One Eye, Yellow Wolf, Big Man, Bear Man, War Bonnet, Spotted Crow, and Bear Robe were all killed, as were the headmen of some of the Cheyenne military societies.^[42] Among the chiefs killed were most of those who had advocated peace with white settlers and the U.S. government.^[43] The net effect of the murders and ensuing weakening of the peace faction exacerbated the developing social and political rift. Traditional council chiefs, mature men who sought consensus and looked to the future of their people, and their followers, were opposed by the younger and more militaristic Dog Soldiers.Beginning in the 1830s, the Dog Soldiers had evolved from a Cheyenne military society of that name into a separate band of Cheyenne and Lakota warriors. They took as their territory the area around the headwaters of the Republican and Smoky Hill rivers in southern Nebraska, northern Kansas, and the northeastern Colorado Territory. By the 1860s, as conflict between Indians and encroaching whites intensified, the Dog Soldiers and military societies within other Cheyenne bands countered the influence of the traditional Council of Forty-Four chiefs who, as more mature men, took a larger view and were more likely to favor peace with the whites.^[44] To the Dog Soldiers, the Sand Creek massacre illustrated the folly of the peace chiefs' policy of accommodating the whites through treaties such as the first Treaty of Fort Laramie and the Treaty of Fort Wise.^[6] They believed their militant position toward the whites was justified by the massacre.^[44]

The events at Sand Creek dealt a fatal blow to the traditional Cheyenne clan system and the authority of its Council of Chiefs. It had already been weakened by the numerous deaths due to the 1849 cholera epidemic, which killed perhaps half the Southern Cheyenne population, especially the Masikota and Oktoguna bands.^[45] It was further weakened by the emergence of the separate Dog Soldiers band.^[46]

Retaliation[edit]

After the brutal slaughter of those who supported peace, many of the Cheyenne, including the great warrior Roman Nose, and many Arapaho joined the Dog Soldiers. They sought revenge on settlers throughout the Platte valley, including an 1865 attack on what became Fort Caspar, Wyoming.

Following the massacre, the survivors reached the camps of the Cheyenne on the Smokey Hill and Republican rivers. The war pipe was smoked and passed from camp to camp among the Sioux, Cheyenne and Arapaho warriors in the area. In January 1865, they planned and carried out an attack with 1,000 warriors on the stage station and fort, then called Camp Rankin, at present-day Julesburg, Colorado. This was followed by numerous raids along the South Platte both east and west of Julesburg, and a second raid on the town of Julesburg in early February. The associated bands captured much loot and killed many white settlers, including women and children. The bulk of the Indians then moved north into Nebraska on their way to the Black Hills and the Powder River Country.^[47]

Black Kettle continued to speak for peace and did not join in the second raid or in the journey to the Powder River country. He left the camp and returned with 80 lodges to the Arkansas River to seek peace with the Coloradoans.^[48]

Official investigations[edit]

Despite threats against his life, Captain Silas Souletestified against Chivington.

Initially, the Sand Creek engagement was reported as a victory against a brave and numerous foe. Within weeks, however, witnesses and survivors began telling stories of a possible massacre. Several investigations were conducted – two by the military, and one by the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War. The panel declared:^[49]

As to Colonel Chivington, your committee can hardly find fitting terms to describe his conduct. Wearing the uniform of the United States, which should be the emblem of justice and humanity; holding the important position of commander of a military district, and therefore having the honor of the government to that extent in his keeping, he deliberately planned and executed a foul and dastardly massacre which would have disgraced the veriest savage among those who were the victims of his cruelty. Having full knowledge of their friendly character, having himself been instrumental to some extent in placing them in their position of fancied security, he took advantage of their in-apprehension and defenceless condition to gratify the worst passions that ever cursed the heart of man.

Whatever influence this may have had upon Colonel Chivington, the truth is that he surprised and murdered, in cold blood, the unsuspecting men, women, and children on Sand creek, who had every reason to believe they were under the protection of the United States authorities, and then returned to Denver and boasted of the brave deed he and the men under his command had performed.

In conclusion, your committee are of the opinion that for the purpose of vindicating the cause of justice and upholding the honor of the nation, prompt and energetic measures should be at once taken to remove from office those who have thus disgraced the government by whom they are employed, and to punish, as their crimes deserve, those who have been guilty of these brutal and cowardly acts.

Depiction in fiction[edit]Statements taken by Major Edward W. Wynkoop and his adjutant substantiated the later accounts of survivors. These statements were filed with his reports and can be found in the Official Records of the War of the Rebellion, copies of which were submitted as evidence in the Joint Committee of the Conduct of the War and in separate hearings conducted by the military in Denver. Lieutenant James D. Cannon describes the mutilation of human genitalia by the soldiers, "men, women, and children's privates cut out. I heard one man say that he had cut a woman's private parts out and had them for exhibition on a stick. I heard of one instance of a child, a few months old, being thrown into the feed-box of a wagon, and after being carried some distance, left on the ground to perish; I also heard of numerous instances in which men had cut out the private parts of females and stretched them over their saddle-bows, and some of them over their hats."^[50]

During these investigations, numerous witnesses came forward with damning testimony, almost all of which was corroborated by other witnesses. One witness, Captain Silas Soule, who had ordered the men under his command not to fire their weapons, was murdered in Denver just weeks after offering his testimony. However, despite the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the Wars' recommendation, no charges were brought against those who committed the massacre-Chivington was beyond the reach of army justice because he'd already resigned his commission. The closest thing to a punishment he suffered was the effective end of his political aspirations.Calhoun, Patricia (March 27, 2013). "Sand Creek Massacre and John Chivington's explosive actions 151 years after Glorieta Pass". Westword. RetrievedMay 28, 2013.

In his autobiographical Memories of a Lifetime in the Pike's Peak Region, Irving Howbert, an 18-year-old cavalryman who was later one of the founders of Colorado Springs, defended Chivington, having claimed instead that the Indian women and children were not attacked, though a few who did not leave the camp were killed once the fighting began. He insisted that the number of warriors in the village was equal to the force of the Colorado cavalry. Chivington, claimed Howbert, was retaliating for Indian attacks on wagon trains and settlements in Colorado and for the torture and the killings of citizens during the preceding three years. Howbert said the evidence of the previous Indian attacks on the settlers was shown by their confiscation of "more than a dozen scalps of white people, some of them from the heads of women and children."^[51]Howbert claimed that the account of the battle to the United States Congress made by Lieutenant Col. Samuel F. Tappan was inaccurate, accusing Tappan of giving a false view of the battle because Tappan and Chivington had been military rivals.^[51]

Sand Creek memorial plate in 1985

A monument installed on the Colorado State Capitol grounds in 1909 lists Sand Creek as one of the "battles and engagements" fought by Colorado troops in the American Civil War. In 2002, the Colorado Historical Society (now History Colorado), authorized by the Colorado General Assembly, added an additional plaque to the monument, which states that the original designers of the monument "mischaracterized" Sand Creek by calling it a battle.^[52]

Films[edit]

The massacre has been portrayed in several western movies, including Tomahawk (1951); The Guns of Fort Petticoat(1957); Soldier Blue (1970); The Last Warrior (1970); Little Big Man (1970); Young Guns (1988); Last of the Dogmen(1995); and The Last Samurai (2003)

Film[edit]

Last of the Dogmen (1995) is a fictional film about the search for and discovery of an unknown band of Dog Soldiers from a tribe of Cheyenne Indians who escaped the 1864 Sand Creek massacre and survived for more than a hundred years secluded in the Montana wilderness.

Literature[edit]

The Dog Soldiers are prominently mentioned in John Locke's Emmett Love series of novels.^[18]

Television[edit]

The AMC series Hell on Wheels features a band of Cheyenne Dog Soldiers in the first season of the series. They fight back against the railroad men who are building of the first segment of the Union Pacific Railroad through Cheyenne territory. Dr. Quinn Medicine Woman features Cheyenne Dog Soldiers throughout the series.

Bibliography[edit]

• Broome, Jeff Dog Soldier Justice: The Ordeal of Susanna Alderdice in the Kansas Indian War, Lincoln, Kansas: Lincoln County Historical Society, 2003. ISBN 0-9742546-1-4
• Brown, Dee. (1970). Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee: An Indian History of the American West. Owl Books. ISBN 0-8050-6669-1.
• Greene, Jerome A. (2004). Washita, The Southern Cheyenne and the U.S. Army, Campaigns and Commanders Series, vol. 3. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-3551-4.
• Hoig, Stan. (1980). The Peace Chiefs of the Cheyennes, Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-1573-4.
• Hyde, George E. (1968). Life of George Bent Written from His Letters. Ed. by Savoie Lottinville, Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press. ISBN 0-8061-1577-7.
• Cozzens, Peter, "Eyewitnesses to the Indian Wars: 1865-1890: Vol.3, Conquering the Southern Plains," ISBN 0-8117-0019-4

Categories

See also[edit]

Brief Synopsis

Lewis Gates, a bounty hunter haunted by the past, is hired to track down three escaped convicts in the Oxbow region of the Rockies. Following the criminals' trail, Gates arrives at a secluded spot where he discovers signs of a struggle, but no bodies or evidence other than a strange arrow shaft. Gates takes the mysterious arrow to Lillian Sloan, an expert in Native American culture, who identifies the weapon as an ancient artifact from the Cheyenne Dog Soldiers tribe. The tribe, massacred over 100 years ago, is believed to be extinct. However, what they discover deep in the Oxbow may prove an answer to both Lillian's dreams and Lewis' nightmares. Now, it's a desperate race against time as they try to save the last of the Dogmen from the destructive forces of the modern world.

Cast[edit]

• Tom Berenger as Lewis Gates
• Barbara Hershey as Prof. Lillian Diane ("L.D.") Sloan
• Kurtwood Smith as Sheriff Deegan
• Steve Reevis as Yellow Wolf
• Andrew Miller as Briggs
• Gregory Scott Cummins as Sears
• Mark Boone Junior as Tattoo
• Helen Calahasen as Yellow Wolf's wife
• Eugene Blackbear as Spotted Elk
• Dawn Lavand as Indian Girl
• Sidel Standing Elk as Lean Bear
• Hunter Bodine as Kid
• 
  
• Graham Jarvis as Pharmacist
• Marvin R. Thunderbull as Wolfscout
• Parley Baer as Mr. Hollis
• Sherwood Price as Tracker
• Molly Parker as Nurse
• Antony Holland as Doc Carvey
• Robert Donley as Old Timer
• Brian Stollery as Grad Student
• Mitchell LaPlante as Wild Boy
• Wilford Brimley as The Narrator
• Zip as Zip^[2]

Production[edit]

Plot[edit]

Distraught but skillful bounty hunter Lewis Gates (Tom Berenger), accompanied by his horse and faithful companion Zip (an Australian cattle dog), tracks three armed escaped convicts into Montana's Oxbow Quadrangle, at the persistence of his unforgiving father-in-law, who blames Gates for his daughter's tragic death. Gates sees the convicts but hears shots. Investigating the scene, all Gates finds is a bloody scrap of cloth, "enough blood to paint [the sheriff's office", a bloody rifle shell, and an old-fashioned Indian arrow.

Gates takes the arrow to archaeologist Lillian Sloan (Barbara Hershey), who identifies it as a replica of the arrows used by Cheyenne Dog Soldiers. Gates doesn't think it's a replica and, after some library research, develops a long list of people who have disappeared into the Oxbow. He also finds a story of a "wild child" captured in the woods in the early 20th century. Now, he's convinced that the fugitives were killed by a tribe of Dog Soldiers, a hardy band of Native Americans who somehow escaped the 1864 Sand Creek massacre and survived for 128 years, secluded in the Montana Wilderness, killing anyone who threatened to find and expose them.

Gates convinces Sloan to join him in a search for the band. The two enter the Oxbow and begin to search. They survive many mishaps and bond throughout their journey, eventually venturing deeper into the wilderness than Gates has ever gone before, around 50 miles in.

Nearing the end of their supplies, Sloan suggests heading back. As the two are packing their gear, they are suddenly attacked by Cheyenne Indians. Sloan, speaking the Cheyenne language, deescalates the situation, and the two are taken captive by Yellow Wolf (Steve Reevis). Taken to the Cheyenne encampment hidden behind a waterfall, the duo meet the village leader Spotted Elk (Eugene Blackbear), who tells them of the escape and salvation of the Cheyenne 128 years ago, as well as his own run-in with the "white people" when he was a child.

Gates and Sloan slowly become friendly with the Cheyenne. However, Yellow Wolf's son is sick, wounded after the gunfight with the convicts. Despite the elder's concerns, Sloan convinces Yellow Wolf to allow Gates to ride into town to obtain medicine. In town, Gates robs the pharmacy and is chased by local law enforcement, including Sheriff Deegan, his father-in-law (Kurtwood Smith).

After escaping, Gates meets Yellow Wolf in the wilderness, and they return to the Cheyenne camp. By this time, the sheriff has gathered a posse and sets out to hunt down Gates both for robbing the store and to find Gates' female companion, whom the sheriff believes Gates has hiding in the Oxbow.

Gates and Sloan continue to grow closer to the Cheyenne, and Sloan discloses that they are indeed the last of their kind. However, Yellow Wolf shows Gates that the sheriff is following his trail and is slowly getting closer to the encampment. Knowing that if discovered, the Cheyenne will fight and die, Gates proposes a solution; using some leftover TNT the Cheyenne had taken from explorers many years earlier, he'll create a distraction and allow the Cheyenne to flee deeper inside the Oxbow and live in peace, far away from civilization. Sloan decides to stay with the Cheyenne, which Gates reluctantly agrees to.

The two share a passionate kiss, and Gates begins to set up his plan. Gates gives himself up to the sheriff and pleads with him to leave the wilderness. However, the sheriff discovers the hidden tunnel and prepares to enter it. Escaping, Gates attempts to light the TNT with a rifle, but the sheriff stops him and threatens him with a gun to his head. Yellow Wolf appears, surprising the sheriff, and fires an arrow at the TNT, setting it off.

Gates and the sheriff are propelled out of the tunnel into the waterfall. Gates saves the sheriff, who is badly wounded. The deputy tells everyone to clear out, and they all head back to town to treat the wounded sheriff and Gates.

In Gates' holding cell, the sheriff confronts him about what Gates saw. Gates relents and says some things don't need an explanation; they deserve to remain undiscovered. This seemingly helps smooth over Gates' and the sheriff's relationship.

Sloan and the Cheyenne are shown to have successfully escaped. An indeterminate time later, Gates has begun searching for them. Using hints provided by Sloan, he is able to find them. The film ends with a passionate embrace between Sloan and Gates.

The Flemish Farm

it was a great film; I enjoyed it, especially learning about

Cast[edit]

• Clive Brook - Major Lessart
• Clifford Evans - Squadron Leader Jean Duclos
• Jane Baxter - Tresha
• Wylie Watson - Flemish farmer
• Philip Friend - Fernand Matagne
• Ronald Squire - Hardwicke
• Brefni O'Rorke - Minister
• Mary Jerrold - Mme Duclos
• Charles Compton - Ledoux
• Irene Handl - Frau

! flags are important! probably more so in the past, when people weren't so full of themselves and so "intelligent" as today's internet media techno junkies.... there is also another inspirational, true story of flags, when the Nazis marched into Athens, ordering the replacement of the beautiful blue &

Cast[edit]

• Clive Brook - Major Lessart
• Clifford Evans - Squadron Leader Jean Duclos
• Jane Baxter - Tresha
• Wylie Watson - Flemish farmer
• Philip Friend - Fernand Matagne
• Ronald Squire - Hardwicke
• Brefni O'Rorke - Minister
• Mary Jerrold - Mme Duclos
• Charles Compton - Ledoux
• Irene Handl - Frau

The Flemish Farm
Directed by	Jeffrey Dell
Produced by	Sydney Box
Written by	Jeffrey Dell, Jill Craigie
Starring	Clive Brook, Clifford Evans, Jane Baxter
Music by	Ralph Vaughan Williams
Cinematography	Eric Cross
Distributed by	Two Cities Films
Release dates	6 September 1943
Running time	82 minutes
Language	English

The Flemish Farm is a 1943 British war film, based on an actual wartime incident. Released during the war, and used as a propaganda tool to support the allied war effort, the film begins with the caption:

The following story is based on an actual incident, but for security reasons real names have not been used. The co-operation of the Belgian Government and of the Air Ministry is gratefully acknowledged.^[1]

The score for the film was composed by Ralph Vaughan Williams in the summer of 1942, and the music was recorded by the London Symphony Orchestra conducted by Muir Mathieson.^[1] Vaughan Williams later made a suite in 7 movements, entitled The Story of a Flemish Farm, from the music for the film.^[2]

The films of Jeffrey Dell
The Flemish Farm (1943) Don't Take It to Heart (1944) It's Hard to Be Good (1948) The Dark Man (1951) Carlton-Browne of the F.O.(1959)

Plot[edit]

In May 1940, as German forces sweep across France and Belgium, the remains of the Belgian Air Force are bottled up near the Flemish coast, and billeted at a farm in the Flemish countryside. Ordered by their government to surrender, the commander gives orders that the regimental colours be honourably buried, rather than surrendered to the invaders. The few pilots with serviceable aeroplanes fly to England to join the Allied air forces, while those remaining are forced to surrender.

Six months later, after fighting in the Battle of Britain, Jean Duclos, now a squadron leader, is persuaded by a fellow officer to return with him to retrieve the colours. The latter is killed before he can leave and Duclos persuades the authorities toparachute him into Belgium. He contacts his former commanding officer, now living as a civilian in Ghent and secretly operating a resistance group feeding intelligence to the Allies. Provided with a false identity and a cover story, Duclos returns to the farm, where his late colleague's wife and child still live. She is initially unwilling to reveal where the colours are buried, believing that they aren't worth dying for. But she relents and the colours are retrieved.

Duclos must now travel through several hundred miles of dangerous and heavily guarded country to reach neutral Spain, from where he returns to England. On his return, the colours are paraded and formally re-presented to the Belgian Air Force.

The Ancient Secret of the Flower of Life, Vol. 1 Paperback – April 1, 1999 by Drunvalo Melchized

Once, all life in the universe knew the Flower of Life as the creation pattern -- the geometrical design leading us into and out of physical existence. Then from a very high state of consciousness, we fell into darkness and forgot who we were. For thousands of years, the secret was held in ancient artifacts and carvings around the world and encoded in the cells of all life.

Now we are rising up from that sleep, shaking old, stale beliefs from our minds and glimpsing the golden light of this new dawn streaming through the windows of perception. This book is one of those windows.

Here, Drunvalo Melchizedek presents in text and graphics the first half of the Flower of Life Workshop, illuminating the mysteries of how we came to be, why the world is the way it is and the subtle energies that allow our awarenesses to blossom into its true beauty.

Sacred Geometry is the form beneath our being and points to a divine order in our reality. We can follow that order from the invisible atom to the infinite stars, finding ourselves at each step. The information here is one path, but between the lines and drawings lie the feminine gems of intuitive understanding. You may see them sparkle around some of these provocative ideas:

• Remembering Our Ancient Past
How the Fall of Atlantis Changed Our Reality
• The Secret of the Flower Unfolds
Sacred Geometry, the Seed of Life, the Star Tetrahedron, the Waveform Universe, the Shifting of Earth's Poles
• The Darker Side of Our Present and Past
Our Endangered Earth, Ice Age, the History of the World
• When Evolution Crashed and the Christ Grid Arose
How the Lemurians Evolved Human Consciousness, the Martians' Fateful Decision, the Planetary Grid
• Egypt's Role in the Evolution of Consciousness
Dying, Resurrection and Ascension, the Brilliance of Akhenaten, the Story of Genesis
• The Significance of Shape and Structure
The Torus, the Labyrinth, the Egg of Life, the Platonic Solids, the Living Crystals
• The Geometries of the Human Body
Leonardo da Vinci's Canon, the Mystery of the Mason's Drawing, the Golden Mean Spirals, the Fibonacci Sequence, the Divine Phi Ratio

Explore the miracle of our existence by meandering through the wonderland of geometry, science, ancient history and new discovery, seen through the widened vision of Drunvalo and the Flower of Life. Volume 2 will explore in great detail the Mer-Ka-Ba, the 55-foot-diameter energy field of the human lightbody. This knowledge leads to ascension and the next dimensional world.

The Text of the New Testament Apocrypha (100 - 400 CE)

• Hardcover: 240 pages
• Publisher: Bloomsbury T&T Clark (June 20, 2013)
• Language: English
• ISBN-10: 056704761X
• ISBN-13: 978-0567047618

Editorial Reviews

Review

To have here a collection of Christianity's non-canonical texts from its first four centuries, with photographic plates of the early papyri and with transcriptions, is very useful. Readers with an interest in these extant fragments of apocryphal books and samples of the writings of the Apostolic Fathers set out in this handy format are enabled to explore the influence and diversity of these early documents. -- J.K. Elliot, University of Leeds, UK In addition to 200 high-resolution pictures of papyrus contained in the book, the physical quality of the volume is, in general, remarkable. -- Julio Cesar Dias Chaves Laval theologique et philosophique (Bloomsbury Translation)

About the Author

Thomas Wayment is Professor of Ancient Scripture at Brigham Young University, USA, and a founding member of the Ancient Textual Imaging Group. He is currently publishing the papyri in the Brigham Young University Collection. He is the author of "A Reexamination of the Text of P.Oxy. 2949" in Journal of Biblical Literature 128 (2009) and "A New Transcription of P.Oxy. 2383 (P69)" in Novum Testamentum 50 (2008).

While there exist a variety of editions of the New Testament Apocrypha in English, German, French, Spanish, and Italian, the actual Greek texts have remained difficult to access until now. This book brings together these Greek non-canonical Christian texts from the pre-canonical period in an accurate and comprehensive collection. Including over 200 high quality images of the papyri and indicating where they are housed in the world today, this volume provides a highly valuable reference to facilitate the study of these fascinating texts.

Witold Pilecki one of the greatest heroes in the history of the world

Above: Staff Sergeant Piotr Smietanski, Polish secret police, the Urzad Bezpieczenstwa, nicknamed "The Butcher of the Mokotow Prison". [6] Piotr Smietanski executed Witold Pilecki with a single shot to the back of the head. Piotr Smietanski emigrated from Poland to Israel after 1968. His d.o.b. is believed to be 1921, but nothing is known about his childhood, nor about his whereabouts during the II WW. It is believed that Smietanski was paid around 1,000 Polish Zloty for each execution he carried out. Among hundreds of other soldiers of the Democratic Underground murdered by Smietanski were those executed on March 7, 1949: - Capt. Stanislaw Lukasik "Rys" - 2 Lt. Roman Gronski "Zbik" - Lt. Jerzy Miatkowski "Zawada" - Lt. Tadeusz Pelak "Junak" - Lt. Edmund Tudruj "Mundek" - Lt. Arkadiusz Wasilewski "Bialy" Executed by Smietanski on February 8, 1951 were: - Maj. Zygmunt Szendzielarz "Lupaszko" - Lt. Col. Antoni Olechnowicz “Pohorecki” - Lt. Lucjan Minkiewicz “Wiktor” - Lt. Henryk Borowski “Trzmiel”

Captain  Witold Pilecki, one of the greatest heroes in the history of the world ,he could not be broken, and was as perfect in Godly virtues as a man or woman could possibly be.

His  story fell on deaf ears  not wanting to hear .The evil of their doing was eventually to haunt the whole world as at this time.

by  Edward  Yablonsky  originator of this blog

https://archive.org/stream/WITOLDREPORT/WITOLD%20REPORT#page/n11/mode/2up

http://www.doomedsoldiers.com/volunteer-to-Auschwitz.html

"The Cavalry Captain, Pilecki, is one of our nation's foremost heroes, whom all military men ought to salute […] We are no better than the Germans and Russians, for by our own hands, we were capable of murdering our own heroes”.

     

Remembering Unsung Heroes Of The Holocaust

01/02/2013 - 05:49

Steve Lipman

image: http://www.thejewishweek.com/sites/default/files/images/2013/01/images.jpg

Witold Pilecki: His burial place isn't known, his heroism is.

Associated Press reported recently on some excavations in Warsaw that have received little interest outside of Poland, especially in the Jewish community.

The work at the Powazki Military Cemetery should be of interest to Jews – the forensic scientists are looking for the remains, in a mass grave that contains entangled skeletons of resistance fighters, of one particular hero. Capt. Witold Pilecki, a non-Jewish Pole, volunteered to be captured and interned in Auschwitz in order to bring the Nazi death camp’s atrocities to the attention of the world.

“He was unique in the world,” his daughter, Zofia Pilecka-Optulowicz, told AP. “I would like to have a place where I can light a candle for him.”

Until now, no one has been able to identify the remains of Pilecki, whom AP called “the only person known to have volunteered for Auschwitz.” He was able to escape from Auschwitz in April 1943, when he realized that the SS might uncover his undercover activities. He rejoined Poland’s Home Army resistance force, fought in the citywide 1944 Warsaw Uprising, was arrested in 1947 by the communist secret security; falsely accused of planning to assassinate dignitaries, he was executed in 1948. Pilecki numbered among a small group of individuals who entered the Third Reich’s killing fields of their own volition to shock the conscience of the world.

In the early days of the Third Reich, when political cabarets were still open and comedians – most of them non-Jewish, by that time – still dared to taunt the regime, one comedian in Munich, speaking of the nearby Dachau concentration camp, spoke of the site, which was known to the crowd. “Most impressive and well protected,” he said. “The walls are ten meters high, with barbed wire along the top, electrically charged, and machine gun towers at every corner – still, I only have to say a word or two, and I’ll be inside in a jiffy.”

Getting inside a Nazi concentration camp or ghetto was easy. It happened to millions of people, against their wills. Going inside voluntarily, then getting out, then risking one’s life to talk about it – that was hard.

In recent weeks, I’ve read books about three such people. “The Auschwitz Volunteer: Beyond Bravery,” a biography of Pilecki. “The Man who Broke into Auschwitz,” the story of Denis Avey, a British soldier in a POW labor camp near Auschwitz who also put himself in harm’s way to serve as a witness. And “Karski: How One Man Tried to Stop the Holocaust,” about Jan Karski, a Polish diplomat, who arranged to step inside the Warsaw Ghetto.

All three men managed to return to freedom, and to tell their horrific stories – which often fell on deaf, often-unbelieving ears. All three books are suspenseful, inspiring, recounting bravery that few of us can imagine.

At the end of a report that he put together in 1945, Pilecki stated that “What I have written … in these few pages is unimportant, especially for those who will read them just for thrills.”

On the contrary, his words are of extreme importance to Jews and to any other community that suffered at the hands of the Nazis.

If the excavations at the Warsaw cemetery are successful, the people who owe an eternal debt to Pilecki’s memory will have a site where they can properly honor him.

Yale University historian Timothy Snyder and David Marwell, director of the Museum of Jewish Heritage – A Living Memorial to the Holocaust, will discuss “The Auschwitz Volunteer” at the museum on Jan. 9 at 7 p.m. (646)437-4202.

Read more at http://www.thejewishweek.com/blogs/yad/remembering-unsung-heroes-holocaust#Vabc4v0IhJiQIxeG.99

The Murder of Cavalry Captain Witold Pilecki Preface: Slav and Jew The history of the Jews, since the Diaspora, had been almost 1900 years of mixed tolerance and persecution. A stateless people, desiring settlement, but necessarily adapted to the prospect of being driven from their homes, or extorted with the threat of same, formed an international network of mutual support and occasional refuge. Poland, where they found refuge from persecution throughout the Europe, was actually very receptive to their presence save for the buffeting times of the Reformation, Counter-Reformation and Inquisition - when the geopolitics of "religious cohesion", (Cuius religio, eius religio; Whose religion, his religion - i.e. the monarch determined the religion of the people) came intensely into play. With the onset of The Enlightenment, general tolerance and good will returned in Poland and the Polish territories outside of Russia. The opening of WW II saw 3 million Jews residing and often prosperous in Poland. To be sure there were Nazi collaborators in Poland, as in every country the Nazis overran. In the main, however, Polish response ranged from self-protective hunkered down separation to quiet, but dedicated support in harboring and transporting Jews to safer environs south and east of the German occupied territories - at great risk to those who helped and their families. Unlike all other Nazi-occupied countries, if a concealed Jew was found hidden by a Polish family, the entire family, and often their neighbors as well, were executed right on the spot! Some went further still, entering the death camps, smuggling out information and trying to liberate the prisoners there. Much of what we knew about the death camps came from the cooperation of Jews, Polish underground units and the Polish Government in Exile. Just as Polish underground agents were critical in securing and delivering an Ultra encrypter/decrypter to be reverse engineered by British Intelligence, these same assets provided photos and reports on the development and operation of the Nazi death camps. Clearly the people involved dearly wanted to end this atrocity. Click here to learn more about "Friends. Portraits from Memory" However, a simple assault on the camps would be insufficient. The Nazi's had infantry, armor and air forces readily at hand. The underground only had infantry, and that organized to the necessities of guerilla war. Taking the death camps would be at best a stage one. Then would come provisioning and dispersing the prisoners. Did you know? Polish citizens have the world's highest count of individuals awarded medals of Righteous among the Nations, given by the State of Israel to non-Jews who saved Jews from extermination during the Holocaust. There are 6,195 Polish men and women recognized as "Righteous" to this day, amounting to over 25 per cent of the total number of 22,765 honorary titles awarded already . These prisoners were already being slowly starved to death, the better to make them unable to resist. They would need ample food to restore their strength and days for that to take effect. At the end of stage 2, you would mostly have a re-nourished lightly armed mob. Still, as the story of Witold Pilecki shows, efforts were made to devise a plan of intervention. At the end of the war, and with the rise of the Communists, the Holocaust - or Shoah, as it is sometimes called - proved a gift from the Nazis to the Communists, and especially the Soviets. Intimations by Polish Communists that Polish patriots were implicated in these atrocities were sallied to chill the voices of those who might speak in the defense of them, lest one find oneself speak up for an SS (Ger. Schutzstaffel, Protective Squadron) collaborator. Likewise, the Soviets could - through pervasive innuendo, libels and slanders - venture that their hegemony over the Eastern Bloc was a bulwark against renewed depredations against the Jews by indigenous populations predisposed towardsAnti-Semitism. A Volunteer For Auschwitz - Witold Pilecki, Cavalry Captain (1901-1948) "The Cavalry Captain, Pilecki, is one of our nation's foremost heroes, whom all military men ought to salute […] We are no better than the Germans and Russians, for by our own hands, we were capable of murdering our own heroes”. Excerpt from the defense attorney's argument during Witold Pilecki's rehabilitation proceedings, before the Military Chamber, of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Poland, in 1990. Witold Pilecki was murdered on May 25, 1948. He was executed by the communists, with a single shot to the back of the head. Witold Pilecki, Captain (1901–1948) Captain Pilecki began his military service during the Polish-Bolshevik War of 1920. He fought during the Nazi invasion of Poland in September, 1939, and thereafter, in the Polish Armed Underground. In 1941, on orders from the ZWZ (pol. Zwiazek Walki Zbrojnej - Association of Armed Struggle) he volunteered to be captured by the Nazis, and to be sent to the notorious Auschwitz Concentration Camp (Konzentrationslager Auschwitz). His mission was to obtain information about the Nazi atrocities committed at the camp, on behalf of the Polish Government in Exile, and the Allies, and to lay groundwork for the creation of the underground resistance movement within the camp. [1] His daring plan to free those imprisoned at Auschwitz with the help of the Polish 1st Independent Parachute Brigade, never materialized. Fearing that his mission was about to be compromised, after spending 945 days in Auschwitz, he escaped in 1943. In 1944, Cpt. Pilecki fought in the Warsaw Uprising in the ranks of the “Chrobry II” Unit. In 1945, he was attached to the II Corp of the Polish Army In Italy. On orders from General Anders, he returned to the communist-occupied Poland, in order to re-establish the war-torn Polish intelligence infrastructure, which at that time was under command of thePolish-Government-In-Exile in London. [(2) Photo below: Witold Pilecki, prisoner number 4859, the Nazi concentration camp Auschwitz]. In May, 1947 Captain Pilecki was arrested by the Polish secret police (pol. UB - Urzad Bezpieczenstwa), and incarcerated at the Warsaw’s infamous jail at the Rakowiecka Street. Despite being subjected to the most horrifying tortures, until the end, he remained faithful to his military oath – “God, Honor, Country.” After listening to death sentence charges against him, he responded to the "court": “I tried to live my life in such fashion, so that in my last hour, I would rather be happy than fearful […] I found happiness within me, resulting from the realization, that this fight was worth it”. The staged trial of the “Pilecki’s Group” took place from March 3 to March 15, 1948 before District Military Court in Warsaw, presided by the Chief Judge Lieutenant Colonel Jan Hryckowian (3), and the prosecutor, Major Czeslaw Lapinski. Captain Pilecki was accused of espionage on behalf of foreign power, and activities aiming at organizing armed underground, among other charges. The prosecutor asked for the death penalty, citing, that the accused committed the gravest of crimes - the “crime of treason against his nation”. A request for leniency sent by his wife Maria to Boleslaw Bierut, and Jozef Cyrankiewicz (a fellow-prisoner at the Auschwitz concentration camp, codenamed “Witold” ), was never answered. The death sentence was carried out on May 25, 1948 in the Mokotow’s prison. The body of Captain Pilecki was never returned to his family, and his burial place is unknown to this day. A symbolic grave was erected at the Ostrowa Mazowiecka cemetery. A resourceful and creative manager, before World War II, Witold Pilecki not only successfully managed his family estate in Skurcze, but also organized local social assistance programs, established agricultural association (pol. kolko rolnicze), and civil defense courses. He also started a family, and cultivated many artistic interests including drawing, painting, and poetry. "For years our family lived feeling profoundly wronged and ostracized, because not only was our father taken away from us, but also his good name and his memory were veiled in a poisonous shroud of accusations of treason. It burdened our hearts for a long time" - said Pilecki's son Andrzej. Photo of Captain Pilecki taken by Polish Secret Police -Urzad Bezpieczenstwa - the UB, in 1947] "It was very difficult to dilute this [poisoned] atmosphere, because the resistance from the communist institutions and number of individuals supporting them was very significant. Even during the III Republic [of Poland], the old regime did not allow overturn the 'court sanctioned murder' (pol. 'Zbrodnia Sadowa') committed against Cavalry Captain Pilecki and his comrades, perpetrated against them during the years of Bierut's reign. Only the anticommunist members of the democratic opposition cultivated the truth about Cavalry Captain Pilecki, and his heroism” - continued Andrzej Pilecki. Until 1989, all information about accomplishments and fate of Witold Pilecki were subject to the strict censorship by the Polish People’s Republic (pol. abbrev. PRL). See Communist Propaganda Operations And "Anti-Semitism." The rehabilitation of Cavalry Captain Witold Pilecki was undertaken by the Military Chamber of the Supreme Court of the Republic of Poland, only on 1 October, 1990. In January 1993, the “court sanctioned murder” perpetrated on Witod Pilecki served as one of the three examples cited in an open letter sent by the veterans and historians from the “For Justice And Truth” (pol. “O sprawiedliwosc i prawde”), who demanded that the perpetrators of the Stalinist crimes who were still alive in Poland be brought to justice. Communist secret police interrogators in the Witold Pilecki's case. Witold Pilecki was interrogated and tortured by: Col. Jozef Rozanski, Lt. S. Lyszkowski, Lt. Krawczynski, 2nd Lt. J. Kroszel, Lt. Tadeusz Slowianek, 2nd Lt. Eugeniusz Chimczak, and Lt. Stefan Alaborski, all famed for their brutality and inhumane treatment of political prisoners. The horror of the interrogations lasted for over six months. Pilecki's interrogations were personally supervised by Colonel Roman Romkowski. The other prisoners incarcerated at the Rakowiecka Prison at the same time as Pilecki stated, that his entire body was black and blue as a result of endless beatings, and that all of his fingernails were torn off. Pilecki had told his wife that Auschwitz was child's play in comparison to the horror he had endured at the hands of his communists tormentors. Maria Hattowska, today an eighty-two year old member of the Polish Anti-Communist Underground who just like Pilecki was incarcerated on the trumped up charges of espionage in 1946, remembers the torture methods employed by Humer, Rozanski and others: "I was lead to the interrogation room; eight men awaited there. Among them were Jozef Rozanski and Adam Humer. Rozanski started to beat me first. He kicked me [so hard]that I fell off the chair. When I got up he kicked me in my stomach, than again, and again […] When I was no longer able to stand on my own, two others were holding me up, and Rozanski kept on kicking me. [...] Humer was beating me with a riding whip. It had a metal bearing attached to the end which cut my skin. He was aiming at my kidneys. He was counting the blows. After the one-hundred-fiftieth blow, he asked the others to take over, because he got tired. I got another hundred fifty blows [after that]; they got scarred that [by beating me like this] I'll escape further interrogations [by dying]. They summoned a doctor. The agony [of dying] is pleasant, [because] one doesn't feel the pain any more. The doctor prepared an injection, but I was trying to twist and turn my arm in order not to allow him to inject me. I wanted to die, but I was powerless, and they managed to revive me. [...] I thought to myself, unfortunately I will live [...] Because of the kidney injuries [resulted from the beatings], to this day I suffer from high blood pressure [...] I never got married, because I didn't want to be a burden to anyone […] they were hitting me in the crotch area, and because of that, I could never have children." Above: 2nd Lt. Maria Hattowska, Polish Home Army and WiN Soldier. Photo: TVP In his article entitled "Ciezka praca sledzia" re-published by the "Antysocialistyczne Mazowsze", Tadeusz M. Pluzanski, the son of Tadeusz Pluzanski, one of Pilecki's co-conspirators, poignantly notes that ironically, to this day many of Pilecki's tormentors such as Chimczak and Krawczynski, comfortably live on the same street in downtown Warsaw. With no exceptions, they all suffer from a "collective" amnesia when asked about their role in Pilecki's court-sanctioned murder. Michael Schudrich, the Chief Rabbi of Poland said about Pilecki: “[he was] an example of inexplicable goodness at a time of inexplicable evil. There is ever-growing awareness of Poles helping Jews in the Holocaust, and how they paid with their lives, like Pilecki. We must honor these examples and follow them today in the parts of the world where there are horrors again.” Witold Pilecki was executed on May 25, 1948 at 9:30 p.m. in the presence of the Deputy Prosecutor of the Supreme Military Prosecutor's Office of the Polish Army, Major S. Cypryszewski, Warden of the Mokotow Prison, Lieutenant Ryszard Monko, Lieutenant Kazimierz Jezierski, MD, a physician, and Capt. Wincenty M. Martusiewicz, Chaplain.

stolen women captured hearts

Editorial Reviews

Anna (Janine Turner), a beautiful young woman, allows her brother to arrange her marriage. She travels west to marry Daniel (Patrick Bergin), a man whom she has never met, but on the way is taken prisoner by the Sioux Indians. Their leader, the handsome warrior Tokalah (Michael Greyeyes), is set to kill Anna, until he realizes she is the woman who has come to him repeatedly in his dreams. He spares Anna's life and she continues to travel to Fort Hays where she meets and marries Daniel, the ordinary man her brother has chosen for her.

After only one night with her new husband, Anna and her friend Sarah (Jean Louisa Kelly) are taken hostage by a tribe of Sioux warriors led by Tokolah. They are forced to live like the Sioux, learning their language, dressing like them and adapting to their customs. During this time Tokalah and Anna spend together, they give in to their emotions and, regardless of the consequences, they fall in love.

After a year, the U.S. Cavalry and the Indians are at war and the women are rescued by General Custer. But Anna's heart still longs to be with Tokalah. Will she choose to follow her heart or obey the rules of convention?The Real Anna Brewster Morgan

According to historical reports, the real Anna Brewster was born December 10, 1844, and eventually went to live with her brother Daniel, who arranged for her to marry a man named James Morgan in 1868. One month later, a band of Sioux Indians raided their homestead and shot James and took Anna captive. The Sioux, traveling back to their village, met a band of Cheyenne Indians who had already captured a woman named Sarah White.

Anna was traded to the Cheyenne and went to live with them. She eventually married an Indian Chief whose name is not recorded but was found by General George Custer approximately a year after her capture, by which time she was pregnant with the Chief's child. Returned to James Morgan, she gave birth to a half-Indian son, Ira, but the boy fell ill and died around age 2, just ten days after the birth of the Morgans' daughter, Mary.

Anna bore James two more sons, Claud and Glen, but their marriage was not a happy one; Anna is reportedly quoted as saying, "I often wished they had never found me. Eventually Anna left James and went to live with her brother Daniel. James divorced her, and Anna lived under a lifelong stigma because of what happened to her, causing her to be admitted to a mental hospital later in life where she died in 1902. She was buried next to her son Ira.