Sunday, May 10, 2015

Inglourious Basterds,Sciesopoli

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inglourious_Basterds
Inglourious Basterds poster.jpg

Theatrical release poster
Directed byQuentin Tarantino
Produced byLawrence Bender
Written byQuentin Tarantino
Starring
CinematographyRobert Richardson
Edited bySally Menke
Production
company
Distributed by
Release dates
  • May 20, 2009 (Cannes)
  • August 20, 2009(Germany)
  • August 21, 2009(United States)
Running time
152 minutes[1]
Country
Language
  • English
  • German
  • French
  • Italian
Budget$75 million[5]
Box office$321.5 million[6]

Background[edit]


Jewish Brigade headquarters under both Union Flag and Zionist flag
After World War I, the British Empire and the French Empire replaced theOttoman Empire as the pre-eminent powers in the Middle East. This change brought closer the Zionist movement's goal of creating a Jewish state. TheBalfour Declaration of 1917 signified the first official approval of this proposal, and led to a surge of Jewish emigration in 1918–1921, known as the "Third Aliyah".[6] The League of Nations incorporated the Declaration in the British Mandate for Palestine in 1922. Jewish immigration continued through the 1920s and 1930s, and the Jewish population expanded by over 400,000 before the beginning of the Second World War.[6]

Brigadier Ernest Benjamin, commander of the Jewish Brigade, inspects the 2nd Battalion in Palestine, October 1944.
However, in the White Paper of 1939, the British government under Neville Chamberlain abandoned the idea of establishing a Jewish Commonwealth. When the Second World War began in September 1939, David Ben-Gurion, the head of the Jewish Agency, famously declared: "We will fight the White Paper as if there is no war, and fight the war as if there is no White Paper."[7]
Chaim Weizmann, the President of the World Zionist Organization, offered the British government full cooperation of the Jewish community in Mandatory Palestine. Weizmann sought to establish an identifiably Jewish fighting formation (under a Jewish flag) under the auspices of the British Army. His request for a separate formation was rejected, but many Jews in Mandatory Palestine wanted to fight the Nazis and joined the British Army. Some of these were formed into separate Jewish companies in their battalions[citation needed]. There was a Jewish battalion attached to the British Army’s East Kent Regiment stationed in Mandatory Palestine.[5]
In all, fifteen Palestinian Jewish battalions were formed in the British Army in September 1940, and fought in the Greek campaign of 1941[citation needed].
But there was no designated all-Jewish formation. Jewish groups petitioned the British government to create such a force, but the British refused.[8] At that time, the White Paper was in effect, limiting Jewish immigration and land purchases.[5]
Some British officials opposed creating a Jewish fighting force, fearing that it could become the basis for Jewish rebellion against British rule.[5] In August 1944, Winston Churchill finally agreed to the formation of a "Jewish Brigade". According to Rafael Medoff, Churchill consented because he was "moved by the slaughter of Hungarian Jewry [and] was hoping to impress American public opinion."[8]

Formation of the Jewish Brigade[edit]


1st Battalion of the Jewish Brigade on parade
After early reports of the Nazi atrocities of the Holocaust were made public by the Allied powers, the Prime Minister Winston Churchill sent a personal telegram to the US President Franklin D. Roosevelt suggesting that "the Jews... of all races have the right to strike at the Germans as a recognizable body." The president replied five days later saying: "I perceive no objection..."
After much hesitation, on July 3, 1944, the British government consented to the establishment of a Jewish Brigade with hand-picked Jewish and also non-Jewish senior officers. On 20 September 1944 an official communique by the War Office announced the formation of the Jewish Brigade Group of the British Army and the Jewish Brigade Group headquarters was established in Egypt at the end of September 1944 (the formation was styled a brigade group because of the inclusion under command of an artillery regiment). The Zionist flag was officially approved as its standard. It included more than 5,000 Jewish volunteers from Palestine organised into three infantry battalions of the Palestine Regiment and several supporting units.
  • 1st Battalion, Palestine Regiment
  • 2nd Battalion, Palestine Regiment
  • 3rd Battalion, Palestine Regiment
  • 200th Field Regiment (Royal Artillery)
The contemporary newspapers dismissed it as a "token" (The New York Times on page 12) and "five years late" (The Manchester Guardian).

World War II[edit]


Men of the Jewish Brigade ride on a Churchill tank in North Italy, 14 March 1945

Jewish Brigade soldiers in Tarvisio

Jewish Brigade troops on the Italian-Austrian border
In October 1944, under the leadership of Brigadier Ernest F. Benjamin, the brigade group was shipped to Italy and joined British Eighth Army in November which was engaged in the Italian Campaign under 15th Army Group.[5][9]

A Jewish Brigade soldier carries an artillery shell. The Hebrew inscription on the shell translates as "a gift to Hitler."
The brigade group took part in the Spring Offensive of 1945. It took positions on the front line in the Alfonsine sector, and was soon engaged in combat. On March 19-20 1945, it initiated two attacks. The brigade then moved to the Senio River sector, where it fought against the German 4th Parachute Division commanded by GeneralleutnantHeinrich Trettner. On April 9, the brigade crossed the river and established a bridgehead, widening it the following day.[10] In addition, they were represented among the liberating Allied units at a Papal audience. The Jewish Brigade was then stationed in Tarvisio, near the border triangle of Italy, Yugoslavia, and Austria. They searched for Holocaust survivors, provided survivors with aid, and assisted in their immigration to Palestine.[5] They played a key role in the Berihah's efforts to help Jews escape Europe for British Mandatory Palestine, a role many of its members were to continue after the Brigade disbanded. Among its projects was the education and care of the Selvino children. In July 1945, the Brigade moved[9] to Belgium and the Netherlands.
Overall, in the course of World War II, the Jewish Brigade's casualties were 83 killed in action or died of wounds and 200 wounded. Another 78 of the brigade's soldiers were mentioned in dispatches, and 20 received military decorations (7 Military Medals, 7 Order of the British Empire medals, 4 Military Crosses, and 2 US awards).[11

Selvino children

  • The Story of Selvino's Children: Journey to the Promised Land; Megged, Aharon and Eden, Vivian (translator); Published By Vallentine-Mitchell & Co Ltd.; ISBN 0-85303-397-8,

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Diana Schoeps age 5, one of the Selvino children, inset into a photo of the Sciesopoli building
The Selvino children were a group of approximately 810 Jewish children orphaned by the Holocaust,[1] rescued after World War II fromghettos and concentration camps and housed in a former Fascistchildren's home called Sciesopoli in the Alpine town of Selvino, Italy. The facility had been constructed in the 1930s as a "sports palace" or gymnasium and training center for athletes.[2] There, the children were allowed to recover physically, mentally, and spiritually from their ordeal, while being instructed both in the general education they had missed during their imprisonment, as well as in their heritage of Judaism and Judaic culture, in preparation for their later relocation to Israel as part of the Bricha. The house was run by members of a Palestinian Jewishunit of the British Army stationed in Northern Italy under Moshe Zeiri, along with the generous help of many Italian citizens. From early 1947 to May 1948, when Israel became a state, Amalia (Mania) Schoeps was director of Sciesopoli.[1]
A plaque was installed in 1983, but was shortly afterwards removed; its fate is unknown.[citation needed] It read:[citation needed]
Between the years 1945-1948, nearly 800 children and youths - holocaust orphans - were gathered in this house. They were survivors of the ghettos and concentration camps. Here the joys of youth and the belief in mankind, that was snatched from them, were restored to them. They learned their people's ancient tongue - the language of the Bible, and were prepared for life in their homeland - Israel. Here they learned to recognize and cherish the goodness of the Italian people.
The building is now in a state of complete abandonment, despite the efforts of the former mayor to allocated funds to publish in Italian the book written by Aharon Megged, and the twinning of the city with Kibbutz Tze’elim. Plans to demolish the building alarm a group of activists who fear that a heroic chapter of history following the war will be erased from the memory of future generations.[citation needed] They believe that part of the building should be secured as a memorial/museum to honor the lives of orphan children survivors of the holocaust, as well as honoring committed well wishing Italian citizen of Selvino.
   A movement is now (2014/15) afoot to restore and save Sciesopoli
Miriam Bisk,Marco Cavallarin and many others have collected signatures The organizing committee for the 70th anniversary of the opening of Sciesopoli which will take place in September 25-29th.http://www.sciesopoli.com/en

Plot[edit]

In 1941, SS colonel Hans Landa, the "Jew Hunter", interrogates French dairy farmer Perrier LaPadite as to the whereabouts of the last unaccounted for Jewish family in the neighbourhood. Under threat of continued harassment from the Germans, LaPadite reveals that the Dreyfus family is hidden under the floor. Landa orders SS soldiers to shoot through the floorboards and kill the family. All are killed except Shosanna who manages to escape and begin fleeing through the field. She manages to escape the premises after Colonel Landa seems to spare her life instead of shooting her.
In the spring of 1944, 1st Special Service Force Lieutenant Aldo Raine recruits Jewish-American soldiers to the Basterds, who spread fear among the German soldiers by brutally killing them behind enemy lines. The Basterds also recruit Staff Sergeant Hugo Stiglitz, a German soldier who murdered thirteen Gestapo officers. Adolf Hitlerinterviews a Nazi soldier, Private Butz, who relates how his squad was ambushed and his sergeant beaten to death with a baseball bat by Staff Sergeant Donny Donowitz, the "Bear Jew". Raine carved a swastika into Butz's forehead with a knife so he can never escape his Nazi identity.
In June 1944, Shosanna Dreyfus runs a cinema in Paris under an alias. She meets Fredrick Zoller, a German sniper who has killed 250 soldiers in a single battle; Zoller is to star in a Nazi propaganda film, Stolz der Nation (Nation's Pride). Infatuated with Shosanna, Zoller convinces Joseph Goebbels to hold the premiere at her cinema. Shosanna plots with her projectionist and lover, Marcel, to burn down the cinema and kill the top Nazi leaders at the premiere. Meanwhile, the British recruit Lieutenant Archie Hicox, a film critic specialising in German cinema, plans for a similar operation. Hicox will rendezvous with a double agent, German film star Bridget von Hammersmark, and the Basterds to plant explosives at the premiere.
Hicox, along with Hugo Stiglitz and another German speaker from the Basterds, meets von Hammersmark at a tavern, where a German soldier, Wilhelm, is celebrating his son's birth. Major Dieter Hellstrom, a Gestapo officer notices Hicox's odd German accent and becomes suspicious. Hicox convinces Hellstrom that he is from the German mountains, but gives himself away by ordering glasses with the incorrect hand gesture. After a Mexican standoff, the Basterds open fire, and everyone but Wilhelm and a wounded von Hammersmark is killed. Raine arrives at the tavern and negotiates with Wilhelm for von Hammersmark's release, only for von Hammersmark to shoot Wilhelm when he lowers his guard. Landa investigates the scene and finds evidence that von Hammersmark was there, including a lost shoe.
Raine learns from von Hammersmark that Hitler will attend the premiere, and decides to continue the mission. Two of the Basterds, Donowitz and Ulmer, join him in posing as Italians, hoping that their limited Italian will fool Germans unfamiliar with the language. Landa, who speaks fluent Italian, converses briefly with the Basterds before sending Donowitz and Ulmer to their seats. He takes von Hammersmark aside to a private room, replaces her shoe with the one from the tavern, and strangles her to death. He orders the capture of Raine and another of his men, Utivich, but instead of raising an alarm, has Raine contact his superior with the OSS. Landa cuts a deal, allowing the mission to proceed in exchange for immunity and rewards.
During the screening, Zoller slips away to the projection room to see Shosanna, who rejects him. After he tries to force himself on her, she shoots him, but he fatally shoots her as well before dying. As Zoller's film reaches the climax, a spliced-in clip of Shosanna tells the audience that they are about to be killed by a Jew. Marcel, having locked the cinema, ignites a pile of flammable nitrate film behind the screen as Shosanna's image laughs. Ulmer and Donowitz break into the box containing Hitler and the other top Nazis, killing them, and then fire their submachine guns into the crowd until the bombs go off, killing everyone present.
Landa and his radio operator drive Raine and Utivich into Allied territory, where they surrender. Raine shoots the radio operator, then tells Landa that he cannot go unpunished for his actions. Raine carves a swastika into Landa's forehead as a permanent reminder of his crimes.


References[edit]

  1. Jump up^ "Inglourious Basterds (18)". British Board of Film Classification. July 27, 2009. Retrieved November 12, 2012.
  2. ^ Jump up to:a b McCarthy, Todd (2009-05-20). "Film Reviews: Inglourious Basterds". Variety.
  3. ^ Jump up to:a b Goodridge, Mike (2009-05-25). "Inglourious Basterds". Screen International.
  4. ^ Jump up to:a b Kulish, Nicholas (February 15, 2009). "Winslet and Cruise Star in a German Studio's Latest Act". The New York Times. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
  5. Jump up^ Thompson, Anne (June 8, 2009). "Weinstein Co. Up Against the Wall". Variety (Reed Business Information). Retrieved August 6, 2009.
  6. Jump up^ "Inglourious Basterds (2009)". Box Office Mojo. Amazon.com. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  7. ^ Jump up to:a b c Nashawaty, Chris (August 19, 2009). "'Inglourious Basterds':Playing spot the Tarantino reference".Entertainment Weekly. Archived from the original on February 22, 2010. Retrieved February 22, 2010.
  8. ^ Jump up to:a b Kaufmann, Kathrin. "‘Bela B. // Fanboy Nr. 1’". uMag. Retrieved March 29, 2015.
  9. Jump up^ Westmark, Jan (July 24, 2008). "Quentin Tarantino Spends Decade Writing WWII Drama". All Headline News (AHN Media). Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  10. Jump up^ Quentin Tarantino, Charlie Rose (August 21, 2009). An hour with Filmmaker Quentin Tarantino about his film 'Inglourious Basterds' (FLV). Charlie Rose. Event occurs at 10min 38s. Retrieved February 24, 2010.
  11. Jump up^ "Inglourious Basterds: Review By WiseGuy". MovieWeb. Fandango. September 2009. Archived from the originalon February 1, 2010. Retrieved February 1, 2010.
  12. Jump up^ Hohenadel, Kristin (May 6, 2009). "‘Bunch of Guys on a Mission Movie’". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). Retrieved February 22, 2013.
  13. Jump up^ Lee, Marc (March 26, 2009). "Battle of the blockbusters". The Daily Telegraph (London). Retrieved February 28,2010.
  14. Jump up^ "There Is a Sense of Humour In All of My Movies". Gomolo. IN. October 1, 2009. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
  15. Jump up^ Callaghan, Dylan (October 10, 2003). "Dialogue with Quentin Tarantino". The Hollywood Reporter (Nielsen). Archived from the original on March 1, 2009.[dead link]
  16. ^ Jump up to:a b Lyman, Rick (September 5, 2002). "Tarantino Behind the Camera in Beijing". The New York Times (The New York Times Co). Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
  17. Jump up^ Bowles, Scott (October 6, 2003). "Tarantino goes for the 'Kill'". USA Today (Gannet). Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
  18. Jump up^ Jones, Rachel (August 17, 2009). "Tarantino's glorious 'masterpiece'". The Courier Mail. Retrieved February 28,2010.
  19. ^ Jump up to:a b Carroll, Larry (September 20, 2005). "Tarantino Gushes About 'Grind,' Says Next 'Kill Bill' Is 10 Years Away".MTV. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  20. Jump up^ "Quentin Tarantino – Film Maker". H2G2. BBC. Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  21. Jump up^ Rose, Steve (November 12, 2004). "Tarantino plans old-style kung fu film – in Mandarin". The Guardian (London: Guardian Media). Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
  22. Jump up^ "Inglourious Basterds Review". CBC News. August 21, 2009. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved January 18, 2010.
  23. ^ Jump up to:a b c Wise, Damon (August 15, 2009). "Inglourious Basterds Guide". The Guardian (London: Guardian Media). Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  24. Jump up^ "Inglourious Basterds has one tricky title". MSNBC.com. Associated Press. August 27, 2009. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved January 18, 2010.
  25. Jump up^ "Quentin Tarantino on the Inglourious Basterds Trailer". Empire. Bauer Media. February 12, 2009. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved August 19, 2009.
  26. Jump up^ "Glorious Bastard: Tarantino Talks About His Not-A-Holocaust-Movie". The Forward. Forward Association. August 21, 2009. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved September 12, 2009.
  27. Jump up^ Letterman, David and Tarantino, Quentin (August 17, 2009). "Quentin Tarantino Interview". Late Show with David Letterman. CBS.
  28. Jump up^ Fleming, Michael (July 15, 2008). "Quentin Tarantino seeks 'Bastards'". Variety (Reed Business Information). Retrieved July 29, 2008.
  29. Jump up^ Fleming, Michael; Tatiana Siegel (August 5, 2008). "Eli Roth on deck for 'Bastards'". Variety (Reed Business Information). Retrieved August 6, 2008.
  30. Jump up^ Fleming, Michael (May 17, 2009). "Tarantino Reflects On 'Basterds'". Variety (Reed Business Information). Retrieved December 23, 2011.
  31. ^ Jump up to:a b Stenman, Jim (August 21, 2009). "Tarantino and Pitt: The long-awaited love affair". CNN (Time Warner). RetrievedJanuary 31, 2010.
  32. ^ Jump up to:a b Ditzian, Eric (August 24, 2009). "Inglourious Basterds Original Cast Plans Called For Leonardo DiCaprio, Adam Sandler". MTV.com. Viacom. Retrieved January 18, 2010.
  33. Jump up^ Kroll, Justin (August 14, 2009). "Film Faux Draws A Double Take". Variety (Reed Business Information). RetrievedJanuary 31, 2010.
  34. Jump up^ Callan, Jonathan (January 15, 2009). "Eli Roth Talks Sci-Fi Movie ENDANGERED SPECIES and More".Collider.com. Retrieved January 31, 2010.
  35. ^ Jump up to:a b Jaafar, Ali (August 19, 2008). "Fassbender in talks for 'Bastards'". Variety (Reed Business Information). RetrievedAugust 20, 2008.
  36. Jump up^ Sciretta, Peter (August 6, 2008). "B.J. Novak Cast in Tarantino's Inglorious Basterds". SlashFilm. /Film. RetrievedJanuary 1, 2011.
  37. Jump up^ Kit, Borys (September 2, 2008). "Tarantino gets his French girl". The Hollywood Reporter (Nielsen Business Media). Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved January 30, 2010.
  38. Jump up^ Fleming, Michael (August 29, 2008). "Kruger, Waltz join Tarantino film". Variety (Reed Business Information). Retrieved January 30, 2010.
  39. ^ Jump up to:a b c Eyman, Scott (August 23, 2009). "Tarantino Comes Calling With A Role For Rod Taylor". The Miami Herald(The McClatchy Company). Archived from the original on October 5, 2009. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
  40. Jump up^ "Australian actor Rod Taylor dead at 84, legendary star suffers a heart attack at LA home". The Courier-Mail. January 9, 2015. Retrieved January 14, 2015.
  41. Jump up^ "Mike Myers a perfect fit for 'Basterds': Tarantino". The Canadian Press. CTV News. August 13, 2009. RetrievedJanuary 31, 2010.
  42. Jump up^ "Mike Myers: I Feel So Honored To Be Able To Do What I Do". Gomolo.in. September 30, 2010. RetrievedJanuary 18, 2010.
  43. Jump up^ "Inglourious Basterds" (PDF). Cannes Festival. Retrieved January 18, 2010.
  44. Jump up^ Vivarelli, Nick (May 19, 2009). "Enzo and Tarantino: 'Basterds' brothers". Variety (Reed Business Information). Retrieved January 18, 2010.
  45. Jump up^ Goodridge, Mike (May 25, 2010). "Inglourious Basterds Review". Screen Daily. EMAP Media. Retrieved January 19,2010.
  46. Jump up^ Yuan, Jada (June 19, 2009). "Cloris Leachman on Dancing, Inglourious Basterds, and Her Sex Pact With Ed Asner". New York (New York Media LLC). Retrieved February 28, 2010.
  47. Jump up^ "Maggie Cheung Okays with 'Basterds' Cut". China Daily (People's Republic of China). May 22, 2009. RetrievedJanuary 21, 2010.
  48. Jump up^ Maher, Kevin (April 19, 2007). "Has Tarantino Been Flushed Away?". The Times (London: News Corp). Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
  49. Jump up^ "Tarantino Prepping "Bastards" for an October Start". My Movies. September 7, 2008. Archived from the originalon February 1, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  50. Jump up^ "Tarantino Up For Top Cannes Prize". News (BBC). April 23, 2009. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved January 25, 2010.
  51. Jump up^ Cieply, Michael (June 7, 2009). "Weinstein Company Takes Step to Ease Debt". The New York Times. RetrievedFebruary 28, 2010.
  52. Jump up^ Kit, Borys (July 29, 2008). "Universal, Weinstein Co. negotiating 'Bastards'". The Hollywood Reporter (Nielsen). Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved July 30, 2008.
  53. Jump up^ "Photos & une vidéo du tournage d’" Inglorious basterds " à Paris dans le 18ème" [Photos and a video of the shooting of "Inglourious Basterds" at Paris in the 18ème arondissement] (in French). KD buzz. December 18, 2008. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  54. Jump up^ Fleming, Michael (July 29, 2008). "Universal eyes Tarantino's 'Bastards'". Variety (Reed Business Information). Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved July 29, 2008.
  55. Jump up^ "Quentin Tarantino's "Inglourious Basterds" Began Principal Photography". WorstPreviews.com. October 15, 2008. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
  56. Jump up^ Fleming, Michael; Siegel, Tatiana (August 7, 2008). "Brad Pitt is officially a 'Bastard'". Variety (Reed Business Information). Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved August 7, 2008.
  57. Jump up^ "Inglourious Basterds Begins". IGN Entertainment (News Corp). October 14, 2008. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved October 14, 2008.
  58. Jump up^ "Contender Q and A With Greg Nicotero". KNB EFX. December 12, 2009. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved February 1, 2010.
  59. Jump up^ "Movie Review: Inglourious Basterds". ATN zone. August 27, 2009. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
  60. Jump up^ Lee, Chris (August 16, 2009). "Eli Roth barely survives acting in Quentin Tarantino's 'Inglourious Basterds'". Los Angeles Times (Tribune co). Archived from the original on February 5, 2010. Retrieved February 5, 2010.
  61. Jump up^ "Graham Norton Show", BBC1 (broadcast), Series 12 (Episode 11), January 11, 2013
  62. Jump up^ Thompson, Anne (May 25, 2009). "Thompson on Hollywood – Tarantino Update". Variety (Reed Business Information). Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved May 26, 2009.
  63. Jump up^ "Morricone u Basterd!". JoBlo. Archived from the original on February 2, 2010. Retrieved September 26, 2009.
  64. ^ Jump up to:a b "Quentin Tarantino on his WW2 epic Inglourious Basterds". Wales Online. August 23, 2009. Archived from the original on February 2, 2010. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
  65. Jump up^ Cataldo, Jesse (August 31, 2009). "Inglourious Basterds Original Soundtrack Review". Slant Magazine. Archived from the original on February 2, 2010. Retrieved November 23, 2009.
  66. Jump up^ Vincent, Mal (August 22, 2009). "'Inglourious Basterds' is great fun for fans of war movies". Hampton Roads. Archived from the original on February 2, 2010. Retrieved January 26, 2010.
  67. Jump up^ Milian, Mark (August 22, 2009). "Quentin Tarantino's method behind 'Inglourious Basterds' soundtrack mix-tape".The Los Angeles Times (Tribune Co). Archived from the original on February 2, 2010. Retrieved February 1, 2009.
  68. Jump up^ "Quentin Tarantino's Inglourious Basterds CD". Barnes & Noble. All Media Guide. Archived from the original on February 2, 2010. Retrieved February 1, 2010.
  69. Jump up^ "Inglourious Basterds Motion Picture Soundtrack". Inglourious basterds music. Retrieved January 24, 2010.
  70. Jump up^ "Script For Tarantino's Inglourious Basterds Surfaces". First showing. July 10, 2008. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved January 18, 2010.
  71. Jump up^ Connolly, Kate (August 15, 2008). "Tarantino's Nazi 'Reservoir Dogs of War' Leaked Online". The Guardian (London:Guardian Media). Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  72. Jump up^ "Your First Look at Inglourious Basterds". New York (New York Media). February 10, 2009. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved January 18, 2010.
  73. Jump up^ Rich, Katey (February 9, 2009). "Inglourious Basterds Trailer Coming This Week". Cinema Blend. RetrievedJanuary 21, 2010.
  74. ^ Jump up to:a b "Inglourious Basterds Trailer Now Online". Empire (Bauer Media Group). Retrieved January 20, 2010.
  75. Jump up^ "Cinema Junkie: Inglourious Basterds". KPBS. San Diego State University. August 21, 2009. Retrieved January 20,2010.
  76. Jump up^ "Once Upon a Time In Nazi-Occupied France: The 'Basterds' Screenplay". The Film Stage. March 2, 2010. Retrieved March 22, 2010.
  77. Jump up^ Keddie, Lisa (August 14, 2009). "Inglourious Basterds UK Review". Film. RealNetworks. Retrieved February 23,2010.
  78. Jump up^ "Inglourious Basterds Gets a Release Date". Empire. Bauer Media. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved January 20, 2010.
  79. Jump up^ "In Pictures: Berlin Première of Inglourious Basterds". Monsters & Critics. WOTR. Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved February 1, 2010.
  80. Jump up^ Gant, Charles (August 25, 2009). "Inglourious Basterds Box Office Previews". The Guardian (London: Bauer Media). Archived from the original on February 1, 2010. Retrieved January 22, 2010.
  81. Jump up^ "Polish Inglourious Basterds Poster". Chomik. Archived from the original on February 28, 2010. RetrievedFebruary 9, 2010.
  82. Jump up^ Universal Studios (July 29, 2009). "Nazi Symbols removed from German Movie Site". Archived from the original on February 28, 2010. Retrieved July 29, 2009.
  83. Jump up^ Bierach, Barbara (September 13, 2009). "A non-Jewish German journalist's take on "Inglourious Basterds"". Jwire.com. Retrieved September 26, 2009.
  84. Jump up^ Anderson, Nate (December 7, 2007). "German politician sues, unsues Wikipedia over Nazi symbols". Ars Technica.Condé Nast Publications. Retrieved September 26, 2009.
  85. Jump up^ "'Inglourious Basterds' Gets a Blu-Ray/DVD Release Date". Backseat cuddler. Retrieved January 27, 2010.
  86. Jump up^ "Inglourious Basterds 2009 DVD". Ezy DVD. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  87. Jump up^ "Inglourious Basterds DVD". W H Smith. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  88. Jump up^ "US DVD Sales Chart for Week Ending Dec 20, 2009". The Numbers. Nash Information Services. December 20, 2009. Retrieved February 26, 2010.
  89. Jump up^ Lowrey, Michael ‘Mike’ (January 17, 2010). "Inglorious Basterds". Movie Censorship. Retrieved December 5, 2012.
  90. Jump up^ Nicole Sperling (August 4, 2009). "Inglourious Basterds gives Quentin Tarantino a box office win on Friday".Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved August 22, 2009.
  91. Jump up^ Nicole Sperling (August 23, 2009). "Inglourious Basterds rules the weekend box office". Entertainment Weekly.Time Warner. Retrieved September 4, 2009.
  92. Jump up^ "'Final Destination' slays 'Inglourious Basterds' at the box office". Ticket News. August 31, 2009. RetrievedSeptember 4, 2009.
  93. Jump up^ "International Top Five – Glourious Debut for Basterds". The-Numbers. Nash Information Services. August 26, 2009. Retrieved February 25, 2010.
  94. Jump up^ Brandon Gray (September 21, 2009). "Weekend Report: Moviegoers Feast on 'Meatballs,' Slim Pickings for 'Jennifer'". Box Office Mojo. IMDb. Retrieved September 27, 2009.
  95. Jump up^ "Inglourious Basterds (2009)". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
  96. Jump up^ "Inglourious Basterds RT". Rotten Tomatoes. Flixster. Retrieved July 19, 2012.
  97. Jump up^ "Inglourious Basterds Reviews". Metacritic. CNET Networks. Retrieved September 30, 2009.
  98. Jump up^ "Inglourious Basterds Gets 8 Minute Standing Ovation". Backseatcuddler.com. May 20, 2009. Retrieved January 18,2010.
  99. Jump up^ "Inglourious Basterds Debuts To Standing Ovation". The Insider. CBS Interactive. May 20, 2009. RetrievedJanuary 18, 2010.
  100. Jump up^ ""Inglourious Basterds" Tarantino wanders in a fictional World War II". Le Monde (in French) (La Vie-Le Monde). May 21, 2009. Retrieved July 1, 2009.
  101. Jump up^ Thompson, Anne (May 20, 2009). "Tarantino's Inglourious Basterds Plays Cannes". Variety (Reed Business Information). Retrieved May 21, 2009.
  102. Jump up^ "Inglourious Basterds Movie Review". Reelviews.net. James Berardinelli. August 18, 2009. Retrieved January 19,2010.
  103. Jump up^ Ebert, Roger (August 20, 2009). "Review: Inglourious Basterds". Chicago Sun-Times (RogerEbert.com). RetrievedAugust 20, 2009.
  104. Jump up^ Mendelsohn, Daniel (August 14, 2009). "Review: 'Inglourious Basterds': When Jews Attack". Newsweek. The Washington Post Company. Retrieved August 21, 2009.
  105. Jump up^ Bradshaw, Peter (September 19, 2009). "Film review: Inglourious Basterds". The Guardian (London: Guardian Media Group). Retrieved August 20, 2009.
  106. Jump up^ Denby, David (August 24, 2009). "Americans in Paris". The New Yorker (Condé Nast Publications). RetrievedMay 23, 2010.
  107. Jump up^ Clayfield, Matthew (October 3, 2009). "Interview: Christopher Hitchens". The Punch. News Limited. Retrieved9 March 2012.
  108. Jump up^ Leibovitz, Liel (August 21, 2009). "Inglorious Indeed". Tablet Magazine. Nextbook. Retrieved September 9, 2009.
  109. Jump up^ Frosh, Anthony (September 29, 2009). "Inglourious Basterds Enthralling But Lacking In Jewish Content". Galus Australis. Retrieved January 19, 2010.
  110. Jump up^ "Best Actor to Christoph Waltz for his role in "Inglourious Basterds"". Cannes Festival. May 24, 2009. RetrievedAugust 21, 2009.
  111. Jump up^ Faraci, Devin (August 18, 2009). "Inglourious Basterds". Chud.com. Retrieved August 20, 2009.
  112. Jump up^ Barnes, Brooks (December 15, 2009). "'Up in the Air' Nominated for 6 Golden Globes". The New York Times (The New York Times Company). Retrieved January 26, 2010.
  113. Jump up^ "Golden Globes 2010: Christoph Waltz Wins for Best Supporting Actor". Screen Crave. January 17, 2010. RetrievedJanuary 26, 2010.
  114. Jump up^ "Inglourious Basterds Wins Top Screen Actors Guild Award". BBC News. January 24, 2010. Retrieved January 24,2010.
  115. Jump up^ "BAFTA Nominations 2010 Announced!". Empire. Bauer Consumer Media. January 12, 2010. RetrievedFebruary 10, 2010.
  116. Jump up^ "The 82nd Academy Awards (2010) Nominees and Winners". Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. Retrieved November 22, 2011.
  117. Jump up^ Dobuzinskis, Alex (March 7, 2010). "Christoph Waltz Wins Oscar For "Basterds"". The New York 
  118. Times (The New York Times Company). Retrieved March 8, 2010.
  119. Jump up^ VanderWerff, Todd (December 6, 2010). ""The Fight Before Christmas"/"Murray Christmas"/"Beer Walk!"/"The People Vs. Martin Sugar"". The A.V. Club. The Onion. Retrieved May 15, 2011.
  120. Jump up^ Pervos, Stefanie (June 2, 2011). "Bear Down, Bear Jew!". Juf.org. Retrieved January 31, 2012.
  121. Jump up^ Liebenson, Donald; Cox, Brian L. (May 25, 2011). "Chicago's Jewish community embraces first-round Chicago Bears draft". Chicago Tribune (Tribune Company). Retrieved January 31, 2012.

Background[edit]


Jewish Brigade headquarters under both Union Flag and Zionist flag
After World War I, the British Empire and the French Empire replaced theOttoman Empire as the pre-eminent powers in the Middle East. This change brought closer the Zionist movement's goal of creating a Jewish state. TheBalfour Declaration of 1917 signified the first official approval of this proposal, and led to a surge of Jewish emigration in 1918–1921, known as the "Third Aliyah".[6] The League of Nations incorporated the Declaration in the British Mandate for Palestine in 1922. Jewish immigration continued through the 1920s and 1930s, and the Jewish population expanded by over 400,000 before the beginning of the Second World War.[6]

Brigadier Ernest Benjamin, commander of the Jewish Brigade, inspects the 2nd Battalion in Palestine, October 1944.
However, in the White Paper of 1939, the British government under Neville Chamberlain abandoned the idea of establishing a Jewish Commonwealth. When the Second World War began in September 1939, David Ben-Gurion, the head of the Jewish Agency, famously declared: "We will fight the White Paper as if there is no war, and fight the war as if there is no White Paper."[7]
Chaim Weizmann, the President of the World Zionist Organization, offered the British government full cooperation of the Jewish community in Mandatory Palestine. Weizmann sought to establish an identifiably Jewish fighting formation (under a Jewish flag) under the auspices of the British Army. His request for a separate formation was rejected, but many Jews in Mandatory Palestine wanted to fight the Nazis and joined the British Army. Some of these were formed into separate Jewish companies in their battalions[citation needed]. There was a Jewish battalion attached to the British Army’s East Kent Regiment stationed in Mandatory Palestine.[5]
In all, fifteen Palestinian Jewish battalions were formed in the British Army in September 1940, and fought in the Greek campaign of 1941[citation needed].
But there was no designated all-Jewish formation. Jewish groups petitioned the British government to create such a force, but the British refused.[8] At that time, the White Paper was in effect, limiting Jewish immigration and land purchases.[5]
Some British officials opposed creating a Jewish fighting force, fearing that it could become the basis for Jewish rebellion against British rule.[5] In August 1944, Winston Churchill finally agreed to the formation of a "Jewish Brigade". According to Rafael Medoff, Churchill consented because he was "moved by the slaughter of Hungarian Jewry [and] was hoping to impress American public opinion."[8]
Posted by at
Labels: , , , , ,

No comments:

Post a Comment

Subscribe to: Post Comments (Atom)